Cannabinoids are the extract from hemp or marijuana plant, or they produced by the human body itself. These belong to two categories.
These are
- Phytocannabinoids
Phyto means plants. Thus phytocannabinoids are the types that are extracted from a plant source. These have similar molecules of cannabinoids that are produced by human beings.
- Endocannabinoids
These are similar molecules that the human body produces. It is the part of the endocannabinoid system that helps in the regulation of different body systems. These are the molecules that exist naturally in cannabis plant or human body.
Chemical formation of cannabinoids
Either it is extracted from a plant source or from human both are formed from the decarboxylation. These are a combination of the 2-carboxylic acids. For the formation of cannabinoids heat, alkaline, and light.
Constituents of the cannabinoids.
These are rich in a viscous resin that is formed from the glandular structures called trichomes in cannabis lant. The characteristic smell of the cannabinoid is because of terpenes.
Phytocannabinoids are insoluble in water and show solubility n the fat as well as non-polar organic liquids. Moreover, these form the water-soluble phenolate salts.
About 66 compounds are present in cannabinoids. One of the main types includes delta 9 THC. Other types of cannabinoids include CBN, CBD and CBG.
CANNABINOIDS CLASSES
The cannabinoids are separated into subclasses that include:
- Cannabichromene (CBC)
- Cannabigerol (CBG)
- Cannabidiol (CBD)
- Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
- Cannabinol (CBN)
- Cannabidiol (CBDL)
- Cannabicyclol (CBL)
- Cannabielsoin (CBE)
- Cannabidiol (CBT)
- Cannabivarin (CBV)
- Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV)
- Cannabidivarin (CBDV)
- Cannabichromevarin (CBCV)
- Cannabigerovarin (CBGV)
- Cannabigerol Monoethyl Ether (CBGM)
Out of these, THC is the main psychoactive component. It is the constituent that reduces perception in the brain. THC is neuroprotective that show an affinity for the CB1 and CB2 receptors.
CBD is another active ingredient that is not psychoactive and known as the antagonist of the CB1 receptor. CBN is the non-psychoactive and is effective for relieving convulsions or seizures, nausea and inflammatory changes.
Endocannabinoid System
It is the complex signaling system that is non-psychoactive and play a significant role in the following type of processes and functions.
- Mood
- Appetite
- Sleep
- Memory
- Fertility and reproduction
ECS exists in the body and help in body functioning even if you don’t consume cannabis.
The endogenous cannabinoids have two main components, this includes anandamide and 2 2-arachidonoylglyerol (2-AG). These help in keeping internal functions smooth. To bind the endocannabinoids to create the signal, it needs receptor. For making an interaction there exist two receptors.
These help keep internal functions running smoothly. Your body produces them as needed, making it difficult to know what typical levels are for each.
- CB1 receptor located at the central nervous system
- CB2 receptor located at a peripheral nervous system like immune cells.
Final thoughts
Cannabinoids belong to plants or human source. Both have the same chemical formation and combine with a similar receptor. The human body generates cannabinoid that helps in treating headaches as well as boosting the immune system.
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